The activities of the Institute are organized into divisions, of which seven are for research, development and consultancy activities. Each division comprises of Units. Furthermore, there are Associated Institutions and dedicated R&D Centres of the Institute.

This Institute of National Importance is a unique multi-locational one. The Headquarters are in Kolkata, with Centres in Bangalore, Delhi, Chennai and Tezpur and a branch in Giridih. The academic programmes are offered in these locations. In addition, there are offices in Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pune, Vadodara primarily for consultancy on statistical quality control and operation research in a wide range of industries.